Transnational Co-production of Knowledge: The Standardisation of Typhoon Warning Codes in the Far East, 1900–1939

Abstract The why and the how of knowledge production are examined in case transnational cooperation between directors observatories Far East who drew up unified typhoon-warning codes period 1900–1939. is prompted by socioeconomic interests local chambers commerce international telegraphic companies, although this urge has favourable wind Eastern meteorologists’ ideology voluntarist internationalism. entails persistent pursuit consensus (on ends rather than means) meetings where non-binding resolutions on procedures adopted. outcome co-production standardised knowledge, that is, development a series processes practices co-produce both ideas about social order force field characterised negotiations power struggles.